Learn what business deductions you can write off

Running a business in South Africa is no small feat — between clients, invoices, and keeping your head above water, there’s a question that almost every entrepreneur asks at some point: “Can I write this off as a business deduction?”

The answer? It depends. SARS allows quite a few deductions for registered businesses and sole proprietors, but the rules are very specific.

Let’s break it down.

What Does “Writing It Off” Even Mean?

When you “write something off,” you’re deducting that cost from your taxable income. That means less tax to pay at the end of the financial year — legally. But SARS isn’t handing out deductions for everything. You’ve got to prove that an expense was “in the production of income” — in other words, it must be necessary, related to your business, and properly recorded.

Real-Life Business Deductions Examples: Can You Write These Off?

• Coffee at your desk? ✅
  You meet a client at a coffee shop and pay for both of your cappuccinos. That’s a legitimate business meeting expense. Keep the receipt.
• Netflix subscription? ❌
  Unless you’re in media, advertising, or reviewing content professionally, SARS won’t see Netflix as a business tool.
• Branded workwear? ✅
  If your staff wear branded T-shirts or uniforms while working — that’s deductible. But your new designer sneakers? Probably not.
• Laptop purchase? ✅
  Laptops, phones, printers, internet — if they’re used for your business, they can be written off. You may even qualify for wear-and-tear deductions over a few years.
• Home office? ✅ (but only if…)
  If you use a dedicated space in your home exclusively for business, and it’s your main place of work — a portion of your rent, electricity, and even fibre can be deductible. But no, your kitchen counter doesn’t count.

So, What Can Business Deductions Can You Safely Write Off?

Here’s a simple checklist of common deductible expenses for small businesses:

• Accounting and legal fees
• Business travel (fuel, tolls, flights, accommodation — with logs!)
• Advertising and marketing
• Bank charges on business accounts
• Software subscriptions (e.g. Xero, Google Workspace, Adobe)
• Repairs and maintenance on business assets
• Telephone & internet (proportionate for business use)
• Training and development
• Salaries and wages
• Rent for business premises

Pro tip: Keep invoices, logbooks, bank proof, and summaries neatly filed. SARS LOVES documentation.

Be Careful: These Are Red Flags

• Entertainment expenses without proof of a business purpose
• Personal spending disguised as business purchases
• Huge jumps in declared expenses year-on-year
• No supporting paperwork

The Bottom Line

If you’re not sure whether an expense counts — ask yourself: “Would this exist if I didn’t run this business?” If the answer is no — you’re probably safe. But remember, SARS doesn’t play when it comes to audits. That’s why smart business owners use professional accountants who know what can (and can’t) be deducted.

Let Professional Accountants and Tax Consultants help You Maximise Your Deductions

At PATC, we help business owners legally reduce their tax bills while staying 100% compliant with SARS. No messy spreadsheets. No panic at tax season. Just digital-first, remote-friendly accounting and tax support that works for you. Let’s talk and get you one step closer to more tax savings.

Gavin Bacon, founder and owner of PATC

Let me be honest with you.

If you’re running a business, freelancing, or juggling multiple income streams, SARS will always win — unless you do something about it.
It’s not a threat. It’s just how the system works. I’ve seen it too many times:

• The penalty letters
• The missed deadlines
• The interest snowball
• The panic when SARS suddenly wants answers

And the worst part? It usually happens not because you were trying to do something wrong — but because you were too busy trying to do everything else.

SARS is Built to Win

SARS is structured, efficient, and digital. They don’t forget. They don’t lose paperwork. And they don’t make emotional decisions.

• If your tax return is late or incorrect — you get penalised.
• If you forget to declare income — you get flagged.
• If you ignore a reminder — you get interest added, weekly.
• There’s no back and forth. Just consequences.

And once they’ve got you in their system — you’re on their radar for a long time.

But Here’s the Good News

You can absolutely stay ahead of SARS.
You just need to stop reacting… and start preparing.

Here’s how we help our clients take control of their tax life:
✅ We keep your books clean every month — no more messy spreadsheets or lost slips.
✅ We track every income stream — even that Airbnb side hustle you forgot about.
✅ We set up reminders and early filing dates so you’re never late again.
✅ We deal with SARS before they deal with you.

My Clients Don’t Panic Anymore — And Neither Should You

The truth is, I work with business owners like you every day — smart, capable professionals who simply don’t have the time (or mental energy) to keep up with SARS admin. And that’s where we come in. This isn’t just about ticking boxes. It’s about protecting your peace of mind. When you work with me and my team, we don’t wait for red flags — we build systems that keep you compliant, organised, and out of trouble.

Ready to Take Back Control?

• If you’re tired of scrambling through receipts in March…
• If you’ve been hit with penalties or don’t even know what you owe…
• If SARS is starting to feel more intimidating than manageable…
• Then now’s the time to fix it — before it escalates.

Let’s talk.

We’ll set up a quick call, audit your situation, and show you exactly how to stop SARS from winning the game you’re trying to play.
Email me directly on gavin@patc.co.za and let’s chat.

Your future self will thank you.
Best wishes,
Gavin Bacon

With tax season underway in South Africa, many people are asking: what happens if you win big through gambling? Do you need to declare your winnings, and what are the risks if you don’t? Here’s a quick guide to help you understand what SARS expects, when gambling is taxable, and how to stay compliant while paying as little tax as legally possible.

Do You Need to Declare Winnings?

• Occasional wins (like Lotto or once-off casino payouts) are generally considered non-taxable windfalls. You don’t need to declare them as income, though some professionals recommend noting them as non-taxable income for transparency.
• Regular or professional gambling is treated as a trade. If you gamble systematically and rely on profits as income, SARS can tax your winnings at normal individual tax rates (18%–45%). Expenses may be deductible, but losses are ring-fenced under section 20A and can only be set off against future gambling income.

What If You Don’t Declare Taxable Winnings?

Failing to declare taxable winnings can result in understatement penalties of up to 200%, penalty for late submission, added interest, and even criminal charges under the Tax Administration Act. If you’ve slipped up, you can use SARS’s Voluntary Disclosure Programme (VDP) to reduce penalties.

When Is Gambling a Profession?

SARS looks at intent and frequency. A hobbyist who bets occasionally is different from someone who runs gambling like a business with a profit motive. If your activity is systematic, organised, and aimed at income generation, it’s considered a profession.

Tax Rates and Provisional Tax

• Taxable gambling profits are taxed at the same individual rates (18%–45% for the 2026 tax year).
• If you rely on gambling as income, you may fall into the provisional taxpayer category—paying taxes in August and February instead of waiting for year-end.
• Some provincial horse-racing wins are subject to a 6% levy deducted at source.

How to Legally Minimise Tax

• Keep gambling casual if you want winnings treated as windfalls.
• If you gamble professionally, keep detailed records and claim allowable expenses.
• Consider tax planning—sometimes using a company structure may reduce tax liability, but expert advice is needed.
• Always file returns on time to avoid penalties and interest.

Final Word

Whether you’re betting on horses, spinning the roulette wheel, or buying Lotto tickets, understanding the tax rules is essential. SARS is clear: casual wins may be tax-free, but professional gambling profits are taxable income. Don’t take chances with compliance—if you’re unsure, get professional guidance.

Contact PATC Today

At PATC, we’re committed to helping you navigate this change with confidence. Whether you need support with Tax Compliance, VAT Reporting, or implementing new accounting technology, our experienced team is ready to assist.

Contact us today and let us know how we can help you.

Now read: Provisional Tax in South Africa

Failing to submit tax returns in South Africa is a legal offence – even if all your taxes have already been paid. In recent weeks, South African media has been buzzing about a high-profile case where a well-known individual was fined for failing to submit tax returns. While the headlines may seem sensational, the underlying issue is one that can impact any individual or business owner – regardless of income level or industry.

At Professional Accountants and Tax Consultants (PATC), we see these cases as an important reminder of the legal obligations every taxpayer has, as well as the risks of misunderstanding how the tax system works. Failure to file is not simply a bureaucratic slip-up; it is a legal offence with potentially severe financial and reputational consequences.

Tax Return Submission in South Africa – Why Filing Matters

Failing to submit tax returns in South Africa is one of the most common compliance offences we see. One of the most common misconceptions is that if all your taxes are already deducted at source, you do not need to submit a tax return. This is not true.

You might be an employee whose Pay-As-You-Earn (PAYE) deductions have been made accurately throughout the year, or a provisional taxpayer who has made all required payments on time. Even in these cases, SARS still requires you to submit an annual tax return.

Why? Because the return is the official declaration of your income, deductions and any other financial information for the year. Without it, SARS cannot verify whether your payments are correct, whether you qualify for refunds, or whether there are other taxable amounts not yet considered. The absence of a return leaves the tax authority in the dark – which is precisely why failing to file is treated as a compliance offence.

The Legal Consequences of Failing to Submit Tax Returns

Under South African tax law, non-submission of a return can lead to criminal prosecution. Depending on the severity of the case, penalties may include:

• Hefty fines
• A criminal record
• A suspended sentence
• Imprisonment

While jail time is rare for first-time offenders, the possibility does exist. In addition, the reputational damage for both individuals and businesses can be significant. Once a case is reported in the media, public perception can shift instantly – even if the matter is later resolved.

Why SARS Needs Your Return – Even with No Tax Owed

Consider two scenarios:

• A profitable property investor who earns substantial rental income but has not filed returns. SARS has no official record of this income unless the return is submitted.
• A small-scale farmer who made no profit for the year. Without the return, SARS has no way of knowing that there is no liability.

In both cases, the absence of a return creates the same problem: SARS must treat the taxpayer as non-compliant, regardless of whether any tax is actually due.

What Happens If You Don’t File: Penalties, Blacklisting and More

Non-submission does not only risk prosecution. It also triggers a series of administrative issues that can affect both personal and business life:

• SARS may estimate your tax liability, often resulting in inflated amounts
• Your tax compliance status will be marked as non-compliant, making it difficult to obtain tax clearance certificates
• You may be unable to tender for contracts, secure financing or complete property transactions
• Refunds due to you will be withheld

In short: the inconvenience and cost of not filing far outweigh the time and effort of meeting your obligations.

How SARS Handles Outstanding Tax Returns

Typically, SARS will first issue reminders and notices for outstanding returns. If these are ignored, the matter can escalate to:

• Administrative penalties – fixed monthly amounts for each outstanding return
• A summons to appear in court
• Conviction and sentencing – which may involve fines, suspended sentences or imprisonment

By the time a matter reaches court, the opportunity for a quick resolution has usually passed. That is why early intervention is critical.

Steps to Take If You Haven’t Submitted Your Tax Return

If you have outstanding returns or are unsure of your compliance status, take the following steps immediately:

• Check your SARS profile to identify any missing returns
• Gather your documentation – including IRP5s, financial statements and proof of provisional tax payments
• Engage a tax professional who can assess your position, prepare accurate returns and liaise with SARS
• Respond to any SARS notices promptly – ignoring them only compounds the problem

How PATC Can Help You Stay Tax Compliant in South Africa

This is where the right expert can make a substantial difference. At PATC, we specialise in:

• Reviewing your compliance status across multiple tax years
• Preparing and submitting outstanding returns efficiently
• Negotiating with SARS to minimise penalties where possible
• Advising on structures and processes to ensure ongoing compliance

Our approach is not just about putting out fires; it is about creating systems that keep you out of trouble in the first place.

Take Control Before SARS Does

If you suspect you have outstanding returns or simply want peace of mind, speak to a qualified professional as soon as possible. At PATC, your first telephonic or Zoom assessment is free, and we are committed to guiding you through every step with clarity and confidence.

Do not wait for a summons to appear before acting. Take control of your compliance today and safeguard your financial future.

Contact PATC Today

At PATC, we’re committed to helping you navigate this change with confidence. Whether you need support with Tax Compliance, VAT Reporting, or implementing new accounting technology, our experienced team is ready to assist.

Contact us today and let us know how we can help you.

Now read: Provisional Tax in South Africa

Preparing for the 2025 provisional tax season in South Africa can feel overwhelming—especially if you’re new to the process or your income fluctuates throughout the year. With so many rules and deadlines, it’s reassuring to know that PATC, your trusted tax specialists, are here to guide you every step of the way. If you’re looking for dedicated support to simplify your tax journey, explore our tax consulting services designed for individuals, freelancers and businesses. Understanding what provisional tax is, who needs to submit and how to do so accurately will not only help you avoid costly penalties but also give you peace of mind.

Provisional tax is a smart system designed for taxpayers earning income not subject to Pay As You Earn (PAYE), such as freelancers, consultants, rental property owners, and business owners. Instead of facing a large year-end tax bill, you make advance payments throughout the year based on your estimated annual income. This approach smooths your cash flow and helps you avoid unwelcome surprises when the tax year closes.

Who Needs to Submit Provisional Tax?

If your income only comes from a salary and your employer deducts PAYE, you generally don’t need to worry about provisional tax. However, anyone earning additional income—like freelance gigs, business profits, rental income, dividends, or interest over R30,000 per year—must register as a provisional taxpayer.

It applies to:

• Sole proprietors and freelancers
• Partners in a partnership
• Companies and close corporations (CCs)
• Anyone with investment or rental income exceeding R30,000 annually

Common Question:
Who needs to pay provisional tax in South Africa? If you’re generating non-salary income, you’re likely required to register—even if your monthly salary is your main income stream. Many mistakenly skip registration, later finding themselves facing SARS penalties.

Provisional Tax Deadlines for 2025

SARS is strict about deadlines, imposing penalties and interest if you miss or underpay:

• 30 August 2025: First IRP6 submission and payment
• 28 February 2026: Second IRP6 submission and payment
• Voluntary third/top-up: File if your income increased during the year to avoid underpayment penalties

Aim to pay at least two working days before each due date to accommodate payment processing times. If you’re unsure, check your status on SARS eFiling or reach out to us for help.

Learn more about IRP6 forms and deadlines on the SARS official website.

How to Estimate and Complete Your IRP6

Accurately estimating your taxable income is crucial—the closer you are to your actual annual earnings, the less risk of SARS penalties (which can be up to 20% for significant underestimation).

Your step-by-step IRP6 action plan:

1. Add up all your income: Include freelance income, rental amounts, side hustles, business profits, investment returns, etc.
2. Estimate your total income until 28 February 2026: Don’t stop with what you’ve earned so far—forecast your expected earnings for the entire tax year.
3. Deduct allowable expenses: Think of business costs, medical aid, retirement fund contributions, travel, home office, and any SARS-approved deductions.
4. Calculate tax using SARS tables: Use the latest tax brackets and rebates, or consult a professional if your affairs are complicated.
5. File through SARS eFiling: Log in, complete your IRP6, and submit before the deadline.
6. Pay SARS promptly: Confirmation of payment is as important as filing—late payments attract automatic penalties.

Keep all your supporting documents—SARS may ask for evidence years after your submission.

Avoiding Common Mistakes (and Costly Penalties)

It’s easier than you might think to fall into these traps:

• Late submission or payment: Always diarise key tax dates and allow time for potential banking delays.
• Underestimating your tax bill: If you’re unsure, round your income upwards—SARS returns any excess, but penalises underestimations.
• Forgetting to register: If you earn non-PAYE income, register as a provisional taxpayer as soon as possible.
• Lack of documentation: Maintain clear and organised records for five years, just in case SARS comes calling.
• Incorrectly completed IRP6s: Small mistakes can snowball into costly errors. Get professional assistance if in doubt.

Expert Provisional Tax Tips

• Use cloud or digital accounting software to keep tabs on earnings and deductions—automation makes tax time easier.
• Separate business and personal income/expenses to simplify your records.
• Update income estimates before each IRP6—especially if you land a major client or lose one partway through the year.
• Check SARS correspondence regularly to ensure you never miss notifications or demands.
• Prefer a refund to a penalty: If your income is unpredictable, declare the higher end of your estimate.
• Regularly review your numbers—inconsistent VAT, tax, and business figures can trigger a SARS audit.

What About Businesses and Freelancers?

Every registered company or CC, even non-trading ones, must submit provisional tax. Freelancers must include all work, whether it’s a one-off gig or regular contracts. Claim every permissible business expense, from a portion of home internet to travel costs—but back it all up with receipts.

VAT-registered? Double-check your provisional tax estimates align with your VAT and annual tax returns. Discrepancies can attract SARS attention.

Contact PATC Today

At PATC, we’re committed to helping you navigate this change with confidence. Whether you need support with Tax Compliance, VAT Reporting, or implementing new accounting technology, our experienced team is ready to assist.

Contact us today and let us know how we can help you.

Now read: Understanding VAT Increase and its Implications

The 2025 tax filing season has officially opened, and staying on top of the important dates is crucial for successful tax compliance. SARS announced that the 2025 Filing Season is effective from 7 July 2025 to 20 October 2025, with different deadlines for various taxpayer categories.

Critical 2025 Tax Filing Season Dates at a Glance

2025 Tax Season Auto-Assessment Period

From 7 July, SARS will send an email or SMS to taxpayers notifying them that their assessment has been automatically calculated. The auto-assessment notification period runs from 7-20 July 2025.

If you receive an auto-assessment notification, you don’t need to file a return unless you believe SARS has missing or incorrect information. Refunds will be paid directly into the taxpayer’s bank account within 72 business hours after the notification.

Individual Tax Returns

Non-Provisional Taxpayers: 21 July – 20 October 2025

Taxpayers who do not receive an Auto Assessment notification from SARS and are required to file a tax return can do so from 21 July 2025. This deadline is firm – late submissions may result in penalties.

Provisional Taxpayers: 21 July 2025 – 19 January 2026

Provisional taxpayers have an extended deadline, giving them additional time to complete their more complex returns.

Trust Returns

All Trusts: 19 September 2025 – 19 January 2026

Trusts can start filing tax returns from 20 September 2025 until 19 January 2026 (note: there’s some variation in the exact start date between sources, but mid-September is the general timeframe).

What’s New for the 2025 Tax Season?

This year brings several enhancements to make filing easier:

• Improved SARS support services with extended customer service hours
• Updated online filing platforms for easier submission
• Enhanced security measures to protect sensitive information
• New Express Access feature to simplify the filing process

For the 2025 Tax Season, SARS will identify eligible provisional taxpayers and invite them to express their interest to receive an Auto Assessment, expanding the auto-assessment program.

Preparation Tips for a Smooth 2025 Tax Season Filing Experience

Update Your Details Early

Before the rush begins, ensure your banking details and contact information are current with SARS. To change bank details, taxpayers should first check that their security contact details (email and cell phone number) are up to date on SARS eFiling.

Gather Documentation

Start collecting all necessary documents now:

• IRP5 certificates from employers
• IT3(a) certificates for investment income
• Medical aid certificates
• Retirement annuity fund statements
• Any other relevant tax certificates

Review 2025 Tax Season Auto-Assessments Carefully

If you receive an auto-assessment, review it thoroughly. Taxpayers who believe that SARS has not captured all the necessary information and/or that the return contains inaccurate information that might have affected the outcome must make changes on their tax returns and submit them to SARS through eFiling by 20 October 2025.

Who Must File a Return?

Not everyone needs to file a tax return. You’re generally exempt if your gross income consists solely of:

• Remuneration not exceeding R500,000 from a single source (with PAYE deducted)
• Interest from South African sources not exceeding R23,800 (under 65) or R34,500 (65 and older)

However, you must still file if SARS specifically requests you to do so.

Payment and Refunds

Refunds: If you’re owed money, taxpayers owed a refund will receive it in 72 hours if all their information is correct.

Payments: If you owe SARS money, payments can be made through online banking, eFiling, or the SARS MobiApp by the stipulated deadlines.

Need Professional Help?

Tax season can be overwhelming, especially with new regulations and changes each year. Professional assistance ensures accuracy, maximizes your refunds, and provides peace of mind that all deadlines are met.

At PATC, our qualified tax professionals handle everything from simple individual returns to complex provisional tax calculations. With over 30 years of experience and offices in both Durban and Johannesburg, we’re here to take the stress out of tax season.

Don’t wait until the last minute. Contact PATC today to ensure your 2025 tax filing is handled professionally and submitted on time.

Contact PATC Today

At PATC, we’re committed to helping you navigate this change with confidence. Whether you need support with Tax Compliance, VAT Reporting, or implementing new accounting technology, our experienced team is ready to assist.

Contact us today and let us know how we can help you.

Now read: Understanding VAT Increase and its Implications